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Caregiving and Retirement:
What happens to caregivers who leave the workforce?
By John Paul Marosy, President
Bringing Elder Care Home LLC
jpmarosy@charter.net
(508) 854-0431
Laurie
Young, executive director of the Older Women's League, and Sandra Newman,
Policy Specialist with the National Alliance for Caregiving, have written
a policy paper entitled Caregiving and Retirement: What happens
to caregivers who leave the workforce. This article presents highlights.
The paper is available free, in its entirety, at the National Family Caregiver
Alliance website at www.caregiver.org
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Authors
Laurie Young and Sandra Newman provide a concise review of the research
into the effects of family caregiving on employees and their financial well-being.
They point out that four main factors have an impact on retirement savings
for employed family caregivers:
- Reduced
Social Security benefits based on earnings;
- Limited
access to employer-sponsored pensions;
- Moving
from full-time to part-time work and taking leave; and
- Limited
personal savings.
Some
specific issues that arise from these factors include:
- Even
though Social Security payments are based on a progressive benefit formula,
so that lower wage earners receive a higher rate of return when they
retire, the formula doesn't take into account the unique work patterns
of employed family caregivers. As many as 17% of retired adults are
dependent on Social Security as their only source of income. And family
caregivers who leave the workforce due to caregiving may lose as much
as $2,100 per year in future Social Security benefits, according to
one study.
- According
to a study by the Center on Women and Aging, employed caregivers lose
an average of $550,00 in wages over a lifetime, due to caregiving. Young
and Newman point out that "these foregone wages may also be a foregone
opportunity to save - an integral part of retirement security."
Greatest
Impact on Women
Most family caregivers are women. And studies show that "All told, lower
lifetime wages, workforce segregation, and a greater proclivity to move
in and out of the workforce raising children and caring for ill and disabled
family and friends, severely impact women's retirement income." Women retired
from the workforce generally have smaller pensions - half the size of men's
- and fewer assets. Social Security benefits also tend to be lower for women.
Policy
Recommendations
Young and Newman point to four areas for action by state and federal officials:
- Expand
the federal Family and Medical Leave Act to include workers on the job
less than the current 1,250 hours per year. In addition, since so many
employed family caregivers cannot afford to take unpaid leave, there
is a need to pass wage replacement legislation, like the law enacted
in California in 2002. Also, FMLA should require employers to continue
to pay into federally-qualified retirement plans during periods of leave.
- Change
the way Social Security benefits are calculated. For example, reduce
the total number of years over which benefits are calculated from the
current 35 years. Reducing the computation period would assist in "disregarding"
periods of no or lower earnings, two factors that contribute to the
lower benefits now accrued by many women who have taken time off for
caregiving.
- Improve
pension coverage for caregivers in the paid workplace by revising federal
law to prevent employers from excluding part-time and temporary workers
from pension benefits or contributions, as the law currently permits.
- Enhance
existing dependent care tax credits by easing the currently over-restrictive
definition of the "dependence" test. This would enable more family caregivers
to avail themselves of this credit. Pass legislation allowing more general
tax credits for family caregivers.
- Make
dependent care spending accounts applicable to elder care. Currently,
the rules require that the adult receiving care must spend eight hours
per day in the home of the worker in order to qualify. Current rules
also require that any unused portion of the spending account revert
to the employer at the end of the year. Allowing rollover would permit
more flexibility for meeting elder care costs which are more unpredictable
than costs for child care.
John Paul Marosy
Editor and President,
Bringing Elder Care Home, LLC
John
Paul Marosy is the author of Elder Care: A Six Step Guide to Balancing
Work and Family, available from Bringing Elder Care Home Publishing online
at www.bringingeldercarehome.com
or by calling 508-854-0431.
Visit
www.bringingeldercarehome.com, call or email to learn how your organization
can offer this effective resource: (508) 854-0431, jpmarosy@bringingeldercarehome.com
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